Whiteflies
Bemisia tabaci (most common in India)
How to Identify
Peak season: Year-round, peak summer (March–June)
3-Tier Organic Treatment Ladder
Always start with Tier 1. Move to higher tiers only if lower tiers fail. This approach preserves beneficial insects and keeps costs low.
Tier 1: Preventive
Yellow sticky traps
When: Hang at crop height, 1 per 5 m²
Ladybird beetles protection
When: Never spray when ladybirds present — they eat 400 aphids/day
Yellow sticky traps
When: Preventive
Protect ladybird beetle populations
When: Avoid broad-spectrum sprays unnecessarily
Yellow sticky traps
When: During new flush emergence
Use resistant varieties
When: At variety selection
Raised bed planting with good drainage
When: At field preparation
Yellow sticky traps
When: 1 per 5m², from establishment
Intercrop with marigold
When: At planting — whitefly decoy
Yellow/light traps
When: 1 UV light trap per 2 acres from 40 DAS
Drain field water temporarily
When: Removes breeding habitat
Yellow traps for adult moths
When: From transplanting
Companion plant dill/mustard trap border
When: At planting
Pheromone traps
When: Install at sowing, monitor moth activity
Pheromone traps
Product: Helilure / Helicovex pheromone
When: Install at crop establishment, 1 trap per 2 acres
Intercrop with sorghum/maize
When: At sowing time
Trichoderma soil application
When: Preventive at planting
Trichogramma release
When: At egg-laying peak
Yellow sticky traps
When: Preventive from establishment
Intercrop cowpea
When: Reduces jassid pressure on cotton
Methyl eugenol pheromone traps
When: 1 trap per 4-5 trees/plants, from fruit set
Fruit bagging
When: Individual fruit protection for high-value crops
Yellow sticky traps
When: Preventive
Release Cryptolaemus beetle (mealybug destroyer)
When: Preventive biocontrol release
Hot water treatment of suckers before planting
When: 53°C for 20 minutes
Marigold intercrop
When: Nematicidal root exudates
Earthing up to cover tubers fully
When: Prevents moth access to tubers
Pheromone traps
When: Field and storage
Pheromone trap (chlorphenol lure)
When: Install at planting
Avoid wounding pseudostem
When: Careful field operations
Row covers for young seedlings
When: At sowing/transplanting
Adequate plant spacing for airflow
When: At planting design
Field sanitation — remove fallen berries
When: Continuous
Pseudomonas fluorescens seed + soil treatment
When: At sowing and 25 DAS
Avoid excess nitrogen
When: Throughout season
Neem cake soil application
Product: 200 kg/ha incorporated before planting
Fenugreek green manure
When: Incorporate 45-day fenugreek crop before main crop
Light traps for adult moths
When: Pre-emergence
Blue sticky traps
When: Install at crop establishment, thrips specifically attracted to blue
Light traps for adult beetles
When: Pre-monsoon, catches adults before egg-laying
Deep summer plowing
When: April-May, exposes grubs to predators/sun
Pheromone traps
When: 1 per 2 acres, from flowering
Use resistant varieties
When: At variety selection
Yellow sticky traps for whitefly vector
When: From establishment
Yellow sticky traps
When: 1 per 5 m², hang at crop canopy height
Tier 2: Early Treatment
Neem seed kernel extract 5%
When: Spray when population exceeds 10/leaf
Soap solution 2%
When: Insecticidal soap spray on colonies
Neem oil 2% spray
When: Weekly when population exceeds threshold
Neem oil spray
When: At new flush stage
Bacillus subtilis soil drench
When: Preventive at planting
Beauveria bassiana spray
When: Weekly during infestation
Neemastra 5% spray
When: At base of plants when damage first seen
Beauveria bassiana 5 mL/L
When: Spray at base of plants in evening
Bt spray (most effective tool)
When: Every 5-7 days during pressure
NPV spray (Spodoptera-specific)
When: At first larval signs
Bt spray
Product: 2 mL/L
When: Target whorl directly
Trichogramma release
Product: Trichogramma chilonis cards
When: 1 lakh eggs/acre at egg-laying peak
NPV spray
Product: HaNPV 250 LE/ha
When: At first larval appearance, spray in evening
Bordeaux mixture 1% spray
When: Every 10-14 days during humid period
Neemastra spray
When: First sign of folded leaves
Bird perches in field
When: Encourage natural predation
Neem oil spray
When: Weekly during pressure
Neem oil spray
When: Weekly during susceptible period
Neem oil spray
When: At first mine appearance
Remove and destroy heavily mined leaves
When: Manual removal
Neem oil + soap spray
When: Direct contact spray on colonies
Beauveria bassiana
When: Weekly during infestation
Paecilomyces lilacinus soil application
When: At planting
Neem cake 1-2 kg/plant
When: Soil incorporation
Neem leaf layering in storage
When: Storage protection
Beauveria bassiana injected into crown/stem
When: At first sign of damage
Neem oil spray
When: At first sign of feeding damage
Wood ash dusting on seedlings
When: Early morning when dew present
Wettable sulfur spray
When: Every 10-14 days, not above 35°C
Neem oil spray
When: At first flush of new growth
Pseudomonas foliar spray
When: At first lesion appearance
Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant
Product: 2 kg/ha soil application
When: At planting
Marigold intercrop
When: French marigold roots secrete nematicidal compounds
Neemastra spray
When: At first damage signs
Remove and destroy affected shoots
When: Manual removal
Neem oil 2% spray
When: Weekly during dry season
Beauveria bassiana
Product: 5 mL/L
When: Evening application
Metarhizium anisopliae soil application
When: At sowing, 1 kg/ha
NPV (HaNPV) spray
When: At first larval signs
Trichogramma release
When: At egg-laying peak
Remove infected plants immediately
When: Continuous monitoring
Beauveria bassiana spray
Product: 5 mL/L water
When: When population first detected
Neem oil 2% + soap emulsifier
When: Weekly spray
Neem cake in soil
When: At planting
Tier 3: Emergency Intervention
Tobacco decoction 2%
When: Severe infestation, spray in evening
Tobacco decoction spray
When: Severe infestation
Beauveria bassiana
When: Severe infestation
Neemastra 5% spray
When: Severe infestation
Neem-based + sand in whorl
When: Physical barrier combined with spray
Bt spray
Product: Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki 2 mL/L
When: At early larval stage, repeat every 7 days
Copper oxychloride spray
When: Severe outbreak
Protein bait spray (fermented fruit + neem)
When: Attract-and-kill technique
Neem cake soil application
When: 200g/plant preventive
Bordeaux mixture if sulfur ineffective
When: Severe cases
Beauveria bassiana spray
When: Severe infestation
Soil solarization
When: Cover moist soil with clear plastic for 6–8 weeks in summer — kills nematodes thermally
Spinosad (organic-approved)
Product: 0.5 mL/L
When: Severe infestation only
Bt spray
When: Severe infestation
Agniastra 3% spray
When: Severe infestation
Cartap hydrochloride (organic-listed)
When: Severe infestation